Wind Turbines for electricity

Wind Turbine Energy, A Clean, Cheap and Safe Way to Produce Energy

Wind has been considered as a downside of regions, a factor that conspired against urbanization, highlighting destructive power of the wind. But more recently, technology has provided a whole new outlook on the wind. Regions with steady regular wind have proven to be the most suitable ones to produce a new way of cheap and clean energy: wind energy.

Wind energy can be “harvested” with the use of wind turbines. Wind turbines are roughly structures with big propellers that take advantage of the constant movement of the propeller, generating energy. In the same way mills took advantage of wind, typically to extract water from the soil, these New Wind Turbines generate electricity in an efficient way. Technically, it can be said that they convert the free everlasting kinetic energy of the wind into electricity. No chemistry is involved, because it is simply an ingenious device that transforms energy into usable ways.

A Wind Turbine Energy consists mostly of three main components: the rotor blades, the shaft and the generator. A lot can be said about the design of the blades. They need to be aerodynamically shaped, so as to make the most of the wind, with the least loss of energy. This includes careful consideration of the materials blades are made of. At first, wood was the preferred material. Later on light metals were used, like aluminum. The most suitable is carbon fiber, an extremely light material, amazingly resistant. The shaft is connected to the rotor. It transfers the movement to the rotor, which has one end attached to a regular electric generator. Here is where the electric energy is produced. This is a very simple, yet very effective mechanism. Electricity will be produced as long as the blades spin.

The generator works using the properties of electromagnetic induction. The core of the generator is made of magnets, that when moved constantly close to a conducting material –copper wires, most typically-, produce a difference of electric tension –voltage. Magnets have this amazing property: to release electrons: energy.

Windmills are used in areas where traditional wiring is not present, for instance in rural areas. In 1930, 600.000 windmills provided water and electricity to many rural areas in the United States. By 2006, new windmills were developed that could produce up to 4 mega Watts of electric power, enough to supply energy to a small neighborhood with one single mill. The new wind turbines have a completely different design from traditional mills, the axis being placed vertically, instead of horizontally. This new layout helps maximize the power of rotation of the wind. This design is called VAWT.

The size of The Wind Turbine Energy mills is highly relevant. The bigger the mill is, the most energy it can produce. The drawback is that bigger structures require bigger parts that will necessary gain in weight. That is why new materials such as carbon nanotubes and glass fibers are so effective when designing mills.

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Are you looking for more information regarding Wind Turbine Energy? Visit http://www.creategreenenergy.us today!

350,000 Wind turbines or bail out wall street?

The 700 Billion, we are going to spend on Wall street gamblers, We could have invested in 350,000 wind turbines, More then enough to provide electricity for the whole country. Cheap, Clean, Safe American energy, and good jobs.

So what would do more to get the country going, A big public works project like that, or for Wall Streets Greed?

Put them down-wind of DC and you would only need a 100,000 or so.

wind turbines for electricity

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Cannes City Guide

Although best known for the International Film Festivel each May, Cannes is a vibrant, cosmopolitan city on the Côte d’Azur or French Riviera. Regarded as the second most important city in France for business tourism after Paris, business travellers and conference attendees often outnumber tourists during the summer months. Renowned for its glittering casinos, premier shopping venues on La Croisette, and a wide range of gastronomic delights, Cannes is one of the crowned jewels of the French Riviera, a playground for the rich and famous, basking in the warm and incomparable light of the Côte d’Azur.

Although best known for the International Film Festivel each May, Cannes is a vibrant, cosmopolitan city on the Côte d’Azur or French Riviera. Regarded as the second most important city in France for business tourism after Paris, business travellers and conference attendees often outnumber tourists during the summer months. Renowned for its glittering casinos, premier shopping venues on La Croisette, and a wide range of gastronomic delights, Cannes is one of the crowned jewels of the French Riviera, a playground for the rich and famous, basking in the warm and incomparable light of the Côte d’Azur.

Hotels

Hôtel Majestic Barrière

Built in 1923 and located on the Croisette, the Hôtel Majestic Barrière faces both the sea and the Palais des Festivals, thus naturally serving as the traditional celebrity hotel for Cannes Film Festival attendees. With 265 rooms including 84 suites and 2 penthouses, this newly refurbished, five star accommodation epitomises elegant charm and refined luxury. Facilities include well appointed meeting spaces for corporate events with a capacity for 600, a business centre, a private sandy beach and access to all water sports, heated swimming pools, fitness centre, five clay tennis courts, and adjacent golf course among others. A premier warm weather resort with an international reputation.

Hôtel Majestic Barrière

14 La Croisette Bp163

Cannes , 06400

France

Tél : +33 (0) 4 92 98 77 00

Fax : +33 (0) 4 93 38 97 90

lucienbarriere.com

Croisette Beach Hotel

Situated just a short walk from both the famous Croisette and the luxury boutiques of the  Rue d’Antibes, the Croisette Beach Hotel offers a peaceful haven on a quiet, private street. Charming, but modern, the hotel features comfortable rooms and a sandy, private beach. Enjoy international ambiance in Mediterranean style. Whether socialising at Le Bellini bar or relaxing on the terrace near the pool, patrons find themselves in an island of luxury in the heart of one of the world’s most exciting cities. Twenty four hour room service, sauna, private garage with valet parking, pets accepted.

Croisette Beach Hotel

13 rue du Canada

06400 Cannes

France

Tél : +33 4 92 18 88 00

Fax : +33 4 93 68 35 38

cannes-hotel-croisettebeach.com

Le Grand Hotel Cannes

A four-star hotel overlooking the sea, La Grand Hotel is the oldest on the famous Croisette. Revamped in the style of the 60s, Le Grand offers a green oasis of peace with 76 rooms and suites, terraces, a garden, meeting room, and wifi Internet access. Stroll through the garden to the fine, sandy Le Plage 45 to enjoy the crystal clear water of the Mediterranean with numerous water sport activities available. (From April to October the restaurant La Plage 45 serves seafood and local specialities, with cocktails and light food available at the lounge and bar.) Fine dining at Restaurant Le Park 45 or enjoy intimate drinks at Bar Le Cercle.

Le Grand Hotel Cannes

Grand Hôtel

45 boulevard de la Croisette

06400 CANNES

Tél : +33 4 93 38 15 45

Fax : +33 4 93 68 97 45

grand-hotel-cannes.com

Hotel Martinez

Known as one of the flagship hotels of the French Riviera, the Hotel Martinez, eminently positioned on the sea front along the boulevard de La Croisette in Cannes mixes comfort and technological amenities with aesthetic elegance. Seven floors overlook the sea front in this 40,000 square metres luxury facility with 412 room and suites. Three restaurants including La Palme d’Or (2 Michelin stars). Piano bar, large private beach, heated pool. Fifteen meeting rooms and reception areas create 2500 square metres of conference space, only slightly less than the congress centre Palais des Festivals. For its spaciousness and ability to host social, festive, and professional events, the Hotel Martinez is one of the most versatile of accommodations available in Cannes.

Hotel Martinez

73, La Croisette

06400 Cannes

France

Tél : 0 800 050 011 (Toll Free in France)

International toll free numbers listed on website.

hotel-martinez.com

InterContinental Carlton Cannes

Built in 1911, the Intercontinental Carlton Cannes draws on years of well-evolved service and refinement to create an atmosphere catered toward the well-being of its guests. With breathtaking views of the Mediterranean and easy access to the shopping district and the Palais des Festivals, the hotel offers a full featured health and fitness centre, extensive business services, travel assistance, day care and children’s activities. Dine at the Carlton Restaurant or Carlton Beach Restaurant (April to October) or enjoy drinks at the Carlton Bar and Carlton Terrace (with live jazz on Friday and Saturday evenings) or the more intimate Petit Bar.

InterContinental Carlton Cannes

58, Bd. La Croisette, Bp 155

06414 Cannes

France

Tél : +33(0) 4 93 06 40 06

Fax : +33(0) 4 93 06 40 25

intercontinental.com

Hotel de Mougins

Located outside the historic centre of Mougins, the Hotel de Mougins offers cosy, elegant accommodations. Whether relaxing by the fireplace in the bar/lounge, or strolling the beautiful open courtyard and lawns, guests enjoy a private and quaint atmosphere in authentically French style. The rooms are comfortable and spacious, marked by small touches like slippers for guests that set the hotel apart from larger, urban establishments. Many rooms have private balconies and the bathrooms are large and well-appointed. Guests have access to an on site restaurant. All together, an excellent site for rest and relaxation away from the mainstream tourist crowds.

Hotel de Mougin

205 avenue du Golf

06250 Mougins, France

Tél : +33(0)4 92 92 17 07

Fax : +33(0)4 92 92 17 08

Hotel Le Mas Candille

Located between Cannes and Grasse, the Hotel Le Mas Candille is a five-star luxury hotel and spa in the medieval city of Mougins. Originally an 18th century farm house, this hotel, lying only 7 km from Cannes, is known for its exclusive tranquility and informal luxury. A blend of traditional architecture and contemporary amenities, Hotel Le Mas Candille lies close to the Mediterranean but is nestled in the countryside of Provence surrounded by mature cypress trees and beautiful old olive groves. Offering the first Japanese style Shiseido spa in Europe (among a wide range of spa treatments available), guests will enjoy a relaxing experience for both the mind and body.

Le Mas Candille

Bd Clement Rebuffel

06250 Mougins France

Tél : +33 492 28 43 43

Fax : +33 492 28 43 40

Cannes Hotel 3.14

The 3.14 hotel is located in the heart of the Golden Triangle in Cannes, 50 m from La Croisette and 300 m from the Palais des Festivals. Each floor is designed to represent one of the five continents, creating a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural experience. On the third floor, Oceania, guests enjoy the cool freshness of the sea air and light filtered through raffia shades hinting at the original paradise, while guests in first floor “America,” enjoy Pop Art decorations emphasising the American melting pot. The 3.14 is a hotel that appeals to the open-minded interested in stepping over traditional boundaries and enjoying an extraordinary experience in accommodations. Arranged according to the principles of Feng Shui, the 3.14 encourages energy throughout.

Cannes Hotel 3.14

Rue François Einesy

06400 Cannes, France

Tél : 04 92 99 72 00

3-14hotel.com

Palais Stéphanie Cannes

Boasting a rich cultural and artistic heritage, the Palais Stéphanie Cannes sits nestled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Southern Alps. An unparalleled France luxury hotel, the 262 spacious rooms have clean lines bathed in bright, natural light and are outfitted with the best materials for a unique experience in elegant refinement. Each features images of the great stars of film, so intimately linked with the tradition of Cannes. Enjoy dining with an outstanding view of the ocean at La Scena lounge bar and restaurant, which serves cuisine from Italy, Japan and France. Visit Le Panorama rooftop bar overlooking the  Bay of Cannes, Lérins Islands and the Esterel Mountains for drinks, snacks, or a visit to the swimming pool.

Palais Stéphanie Cannes

(Formerly Hilton Cannes)

50 boulevard de la Croisette

06414 Cannes, France

Tél : +33 4 92 99 70 00

Fax : + 33 4 92 99 70 11

hotel-palais-stephanie-cannes.com

Spas

SPA Martinez

Located on the 7th floor of the Hotel Martinez, the SPA serves both men and women in the interest of good health, youth, beauty, and relaxation. Using Lancaster anti-ageing, solar skin care, and Sothys beauty concepts, the experts at the SPA concentrate on merging concepts of mind and body in perfect harmony. Offering a range of services from facial care to massages, the SPA promises an unforgettable experience in personal wellness and luxury. Open every day from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m., the SPA has a direct telephone line for the arrangement of individual appointments.

SPA Martinez

In the Hotel Martinez

73, La Croisette

06400 Cannes

France

Tél : +33 (0) 4 92 98 74 90

hotel-martinez.com

Spa Candille

Located in the Hotel Le Mas Candille in Mougins, Spa Candille introduced two exclusive spa treatments in 2010, the Yutaka Ritual (2 hours, 210€ per person) and the Ultimate Candille Zen Treatment (1 hour 30 minutes, 160 € per person.) Both are true to the spa’s unique approach to both beauty and well being. Using the Shiseido Qi method, which stimulates both mind and body energy, the treatments encourage relaxation at the deepest levels while restoring the skin’s natural beauty. Both oshiboris (Japanese hot towels) and shiatsu massage are incorporated. Day Spa Packages are also available and guests will enjoy shopping for products in the spa boutique. Reservations required.

Le Mas Candille

Bd Clement Rebuffel

06250 Mougins France

Tél : +33 492 28 43 43

Fax : +33 492 28 43 40

Restaurants

La Palme d’Or

During the Cannes Film Festival this is the place where stars go to be seen. A sophisticated restaurant serving some of the finest cuisine on the French Riviera. The beautiful Art Deco building with its bay windows has outdoor, enclosed terraces overlooking the sea, the pool, and the Croisette. The Modern French menu changes seasonally. Located in the Hôtel Martinez. Open Tuesday-Saturday 12:30-2pm and 8-10pm. Reservations are required. Closed April 19 to May 2 and November 5 to December 5.

La Palme d’Or

73, La Croisette

06400 Cannes

France

Tél. +33 (0)4 92 98 74 14

hotel-martinez.com

Château de la Chèvre d’Or

Exquisite two Michelin star restaurant housed in a 14th century castle that is now a four star hotel. Redecorated in 2008 to create a quiet, modern atmosphere, the restaurant’s terrace offers magnificent ocean views and overlooks an African styled garden. Inspired and innovative cuisine featuring seasonal produce carefully selected to draw inspiration from the Mediterranean style, but with a modern twist. Fresh and refined, the dishes take on new, unexpected and delightful dimensions. Open for lunch and dinner.

Château de la Chèvre d’Or

Rue du Barri

Moyenne Corniche

Eze-Village 06360

Tél. 4-92-10-66-66

Fax. 4-93-41-06-72

chevredor.com

Château Eza

A Michelin starred restaurant with a la carte French and Mediterranean cuisine. Set against the stunning backdrop of the French Riviera, the retractable roof of the glass-edged room allows patrons to fully experience the glorious weather, as do several terraces overlooking sparkling ocean views. Menus change on a weekly basis guaranteeing a fresh experience on each visit. An exquisite blend of traditional French dishes and modern, international influences. Tapas service and à la carte salads are served from 12:30pm to 6:00pm.

Château Eza

Rue de la Pise

Eze-Village 06360

Tél. 4-93-41-12-24

Fax. 4-93-41-16-64

chateauezarestaurant.com

Côté Jardin

A personalized, friendly dining experience just minutes from the Croisette near the Palais de Justice. Generous portions and reasonably priced, the French Provençal cuisine is served either on a street level veranda (glassed in for Privacy), on the garden terrace surrounded by flowering plants, or in a cosy upstairs dining room. A lovely spot for an intimate, romantic dinner. Due to the loyal local following, reservations are required, especially during the busy summer months. Closed one week in early January and on Sundays and Mondays.

Côté Jardin

12, Avenue Saint-Louis

Cannes 06400

Tél. 04 93 38 60 28

Fax. 04 93 38 60 28

restaurant-cotejardin.com

Gaston et Gastounette

Offering an unparalleled view of the marina, diners are drawn to the stucco exterior and oak moldings that distinguish this restaurant from its surroundings. Serving the best regional specialties including two bouillabaisses prepared for only two diners at a time, expect hearty, traditional French fare. Diners are served daily from noon until 2pm and from 7 to 10:30pm. The sidewalk terrace is surrounded by flowers and forms the perfect setting for a relaxed dining experience. Reservations are required and the restaurant is closed December 15-24 and January 3-20.

Gaston et Gastounette

6-7, Quai Saint-Pierre

Cannes 06400

Tél. 04 93 39 49 44

Reservations. 04 93 39 47 92

restaurant-a-cannes.com

Le Moulin de Mougins

Located in a 16th century mill in the town of Mougins, the restaurant was founded by chef  Roger Vergé. With a four “knife and fork” rating from Michelin, expect hearty, but upscale fare with modern twists on traditional dishes from Provence and across France. Favourites on the menu include seafood stuffed artichoke, roasted Provençal goat with herbs, and sweetbreads with mushrooms fried in grease. Technically an inn, there are four suites and three rooms with air-conditioning available for rent. Restaurant is open Tues-Sun noon-2pm and 7:30-10pm. Reservations are required.

Le Moulin de Mougins

Notre Dame de Vie

06250 Mougins, France

Tél : +33 04 93 75 78 24

Fax : +33 04 93 90 18 55

moulin-mougins.com

Restaurant Candille

With a menu rivalling the best restaurants of Cannes, the Michelin-starred restaurant at the hotel Le Mas Candille offers one of the finest gastronomic experiences on the French Riviera. Located 25 minutes away from La Croisette in Cannes, a trip to Restaurant Candille makes for an excellent gourmet experience and a relaxing evening away from the bright lights of one of the regions most storied cities. Open to diners who are not guests, the beautiful setting in the countryside of Provence only augments the excellence of the cuisine. Specialities include  Tournedos of Simmental Beef with Summer Truffles, Baby Vegetables and Chervil Emulsion. Smart, casual attire. Open all year round for lunch (12:15 to 2:15pm) and dinner (7:30 to 10:00pm). Reservations recommended.

Le Mas Candille

Bd Clement Rebuffel

06250 Mougins France

Tél : +33 492 28 43 43

Fax : +33 492 28 43 40

lemascandille.com

Les Pêcheurs

Located in the Cap d’Antibes Beach Hotel, the restaurant Les Pêcheurs offers creative cuisine replete with the fragrances and tastes of the Mediterranean. Enjoy a table by the window with beautiful ocean views. Favourites include veal with mango, and vanilla flower salt and green pea mousse with peppermint. Freshly caught seafood offerings include turbot, sea-bass, dorade royale, pageot, chapon, denti, baudroie, barbue and sole. Jackets are required for men. Breakfast served from 7:30am to 11am; dinner from 7:30pm to 10:30pm. Open every evening from March to October. Reservations are required.

Les Pêcheurs

10 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin

06160 Antibes, France

Tél : 04 92 93 13 30

ca-beachhotel.com/

Astoux et Brun

Since 1953, Chez Astoux et Brun has maintained an outstanding reputation for offering fresh, high quality seafood and fish to patrons. A ‘brasserie’ style venue, it has been owned by three generations of the same family. Sample plates available of shellfish, crustaceans and other seafood. Daily specials or “suggestions” and desserts. The restaurant offers packaged, pre-prepared dishes for take away. Shellfish is served throughout the day. Chez Astoux et Brun is open from 8am to 11pm with the kitchen in operation from noon to 2:30pm and 7pm to 11pm. In the afternoon a limited number of hot menu dishes are served in addition to shellfish.

Astoux et Brun

Angle 27, rue Félix Faure

and 2, rue Louis Blanc

06400 Cannes

Tél : 04 93 39 21 87

Tél : 04 93 39 98 94

Fax : 04 93 39 98 54

Beaches and Beach Restaurants

L’Ecrin Plage

On the edge of the port of Canto at the end of the Croisette, L’Ecrin Plage features an interior restaurant with a roof open to the sky and open picture windows as well as a terrace and lounge bar directly facing the sea. Favourites include pan-fried salmon steak with the flavours of Asia, grilled sea bream with a hint of lemon, and poached saddle of cod. Also look for the veal piccata with lemon and the fillet steak with three varieties of pepper. Open for the day year round, brunch is served every Monday from October to May. In the summer, both the restaurant and lounge bar are open in the evening and offer wifi access to patrons. There are 180 deck chairs on the sand, teak decking and pontoon. (A lifeguard is on duty.) Magazines and dailies are provided.

L’Ecrin Plage

Port Pierre Canto

06400 Cannes

Tél : 04 92 59 60 60

Fax : 04 92 59 11 00

Z Plage

Once known as the Hotel Martinez Beach Club, the restaurant at the hotel’s private beach is a celebration of teak wood finery and parasols in the summer season. The open-air restaurant specialises in good healthy food prepared with herbs and spices that enhance the food’s natural flavour. A variety of spit-roasted meat and fish prepared in a clay oven. The cocktail menu at the available bar is elaborate and tempting and includes freshly squeezed juices and  fusion frappés. During the supper expect lively beach evenings with fireworks and colourful dinners. Open daily, with lunch served from 12:30pm to 5:30pm.

Z Plage – Hotel Martinez

73, La Croisette

06400 Cannes

France

Tél : +33 04 92 98 74 22

hotel-martinez.com

La Mandala

Open year round, the beach at La Manda offers fine sand and stunning views of the Mediterranean. Enjoy the warm, family atmosphere, relaxing in the sun and enjoying the restaurant’s refined cuisine. Favourites include clams linguine with garlic and basil, cream and white truffle risotto; and raviolini with Italian ham, mozzarella cheese and white truffle. Also look for the roast sea bass filet with mashed potatoes and a virgin sauce as well as grilled sea bass, dorado, or sole with fresh steamed vegetables. Available for receptions and events.

La Mandala

1 Boulevard de la Croisette

06400 Cannes, France

Tél : 04 93 94 24 22

Fax : 04 93 43 91 33

plage-lamandala.com

Bars & Clubs

Casino Croisette

One of the best known and well loved casinos in France, the elegant Casino Croisette dates from 1907 and has long been an establishment of the wealthy and famous. Its slot machines draw more gamblers than any other casino in France. Situated near the promenade, the ornate rooms play host to all the classic games from blackjack to roulette. Enjoy an exquisite meal in the casino restaurant or dance to live music at the adjacent Le Jimmyz Club. (Jackets are required for gentlemen.)

Casino Croisette

1, jetée Albert-Edouard

Palais des Festivals

06400, Cannes

France

Tél. 4-92-98-78-00

Fax  4-92-98-78-85

Palm Beach Casino

Open daily from 11am to 4am for slot machines and 8pm to 4am for table games, the Palm Beach Casino in Cannes features 100 gaming machines and twenty-two gaming tables including blackjack, English and French roulette, punto banco, poker and stud poker. (There are three restaurants on the property and a 106 room hotel.) The dress code is described as “proper and casual.”

Palm Beach Casino

Pointe Croisette

Place FD Roosevelt

06400 Cannes, France

Tél. 04 97 06 36 90

Fax  04 97 06 36 89

casinolepalmbeach.com

Les Coulisses

Patrons who want to get in the door of the trendy Les Coulisses for dining or dancing need to “dress to impress.” The crowd is young and hip, enjoying drinks with pizza, sushi, olives or tapas. Open from Monday to Sunday, 6pm to 2:30am. DJ gets the party and the dancing started after 10pm.

Les Coulisses

29 Rue du Commandant André

06400 Cannes, France

Tél. 04 92 99 17 17

Jimmy’z

After a loyal following developed for the original Jimmy’z, in Monaco, the sister club opened in Cannes to an equally enthusiastic reception. The spacious dance floors (there are several) offer plenty of room for patrons to enjoy the upbeat music. It’s not unusual to see high rollers and stars here, especially during the Cannes film festival. A high fashion club with a high profile clientele.

1 boulevard de la Croisette

Palais des Festivals

06400 Cannes France

Tél. 4-92-98-78-78

Shopping

La Croisette

A street with a global reputation running along the shoreline of Cannes and filled with endless opportunities for upscale shopping, dining, and sightseeing. Watch the boats and the sea on one hand and elegantly dressed pedestrians on the other. A parade of upscale boutiques and designer shops including Jimmy Choo, Hermes, Luis Vuitton, Chanel, and Dior among many, many more. Lovely restaurants open only for lunch scattered along the beach. Expensive, top quality, and a venue in Cannes not to be missed. (Most of the best shops in Canne are located in an area between La Croisette and the rue d’Antibes, which runs parallel a block or two inland.)

La Croisette

World famous street running along the shoreline.

Bouteille

The best (and most expensive) parfumerie in Cannes, Bouteille offers an expansive selection of scents and a generous range of free samples (with a complimentary bag.) Carries both the latest fragrances and the great classic perfumes. Additional wares include high quality costume jewellery, top of the line beauty accessories, and exquisite presentation boxes for a variety of special occasions. A delightful experience for the serious buyer or holiday browser.

Bouteille

59 rue d’Antibes

06400 Cannes, France

Tél. 04 93 39 05 16

Marché Forville

The primary fruit, flower, and vegetable market in Cannes (and a brocante market on Monday), Marché Forville is a traditional outdoor French market specialising in locally harvested produce of the highest quality. An excellent outdoor venue for a pleasant stroll, camera in hand. Expect quaint adjacent artisan shops and small bars including three oyster bars. Wine, cheese and bread shops, intimate restaurants. The market provides excellent “people watching” opportunities with local flavour and interesting wares. One of the most popular shopping destinations in Cannes. Open Tuesday-Sunday, 0700-1300.

Marché Forville

At the edge of the Quartier Suquet.

Galeries Lafayette

Located in the heart of Cannes near the train station, Galeries Lafayette is known for meticulously displayed upscale fashion. A branch of the popular international department store based in Paris, Galeries Lafayette provides a good range of prices for varied holiday budgets. Wares range from gourmet food selections to designer clothing. While not as trendy as adjacent boutiques or as colourful as the artisan shops, for the visitor attracted to this type of venue, Galeries Lafayette can be a pleasant afternoon stop. (Also a good place to acquire necessary items forgotten in packing for your holiday.)

Galeries Lafayette

6 rue du Maréchal-Foch

06400 Cannes, France

Tél. 04 93 39 27 55

Ciné-Folie

Also known as La Boutique du Cinema, Ciné-Folie is a year-round bookstore devoted entirely to the subject for which the name “Cannes” has become synonymous — films. With a reputation as the finest bookstore in the south of France devoted exclusively to cinema, Ciné-Folie also sells movie posters and vintage film stills. A popular place to stop for “take home” souvenirs. (Also sells official posters from the Cannes film festival, past and present.)

Ciné-Folie

14 rue des Frères Pradignac

06400 Cannes, France

Tél. 04-93-39-22-99

Golf

Cannes Mougins Golf Country Club

An 18-hole, par 72, parkland course founded in 1923, the Cannes Mougins Golf Country Club offers catering, buggies, trolleys, and a driving range. Designed by golf architects Peter Allis and Dave Thomas, the course is set in the beautiful countryside of the French Riviera. The slightly hilly course is maintained in outstanding conditions. Making for exacting play, with generous fairways, the greens are small and fast. Strategic play is required at every hole, with the luxurious clubhouse featuring top-quality regional cuisine, a welcome reward at the end of a long day of play. Located 10 minutes from Cannes. Reservations are required with green fees for non members.

Cannes Mougins Golf Country Club

175 avenue du Golf,

06250 Mougins, France

Tél : +33 4 93 75 79 13

Fax : +33 4 93 75 27 60

golf-cote-azur.com

Gold de Cannes-Mandelieu (Old Course)

Founded in 1891 by the Grand Duke Michael Aleksandrovich of Russia, the 18-hole, 71-par, Old Course Cannes Mandelieu (originally the Cannes Golf Club) is split in two by the River Siagne and has a small adjacent railway. It is the fourth oldest course in France. Set in natural parkland and designed by Harry Colt, the course forces players to cope with the inevitable tree lines. Not an overly long course at just 5745 metres, the greens with their subtle slope will test a golfer’s all around skills coming off the moderately tight fairways. A classic course maintained in excellent condition. For 18 holes, visitors pay green fees of €90 with twilight rates available. Booking in advance required. Visitor tee-times available on both week days and weekends. Handicap required.

Gold de Cannes-Mandelieu (Old Course)

Route du Golf

Mandelieu-la-Napoule

Cannes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur

06210, France

Tél : +33 04 92 97 32 00

Fax : +33 04 93 49 92 90

golfoldcourse.com

Golf du Claux Amic

A new and challenging, woodland course, founded in 1992, Golf du Claux Amic lies high in the hills above Grasse. Quiet, natural, and tree-lined, the terrain of the 18-hole, par 72 course is cut from the hillside, but does not make for strenuous walking. Designed by Jean-Pascal Foures, some of the drives are intimidating, but many of the vistas are spectacular, especially on the 12th green. The clubhouse, a former chateau, is large and sumptuous. The course is located 20km north of Cannes. Visitors will pay green fees of €53-€100. Credit cards are accepted. Advanced bookings are required with tee times available on both week days and weekends. Handicap required.

Golf du Claux Amic

1 route des Trois Ponts

D11 (Cabris Road)

Grasse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur

06130, France

Tél : +33 04 93 60 55 44

Fax : +33 04 93 60 55 19

claux-amic.com

Domaine du Chateau de Taulane

A golfing gem, established in 1992 and designed by Gary Player, Domaine du Chateau de Taulane is an 18 hole, wooded parkland course (par 72). The chateau, dating to 1750, has been magnificently restored and the course is available for “stay and play.” Situated in a natural pine forest, the course is maintained to unusual levels of excellence. Well balanced play with features to keep low and high-handicap players both pleased and challenged. Water features on some holes, especially on the double green of the 9th and 18th holes. Visitors will pay green fees of €51-€100. Credit cards are accepted. Handicap required and must book in advance. Tee times are available on week days and weekends. Located 50 km northwest of Cannes.

Domaine du Chateau de Taulane

D6085 Route Napolean

Le Logis du Pin, nr Castellane

Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur

83840, France

Tél : +33 04 93 40 60 80

Fax : +33 04 93 60 37 48

chateau-taulane.com

Golf de l’Esterel

An 18-hole, wooded, par-71, parkland course designed by Robert Trent Jones and located 28 km southwest of Cannes. Golf de l’Esterel is a favourite of golfers on holiday in this area of the French Riviera. Fairly short, at 5852 metres, the undulating fairways are tight and lined with umbrella pines. Accuracy from the tee is a must. Look for water on a third of the holes demanding adept shots. Greens are good sized. The front nine feels like a tour through the estate’s holiday villas, while the back nine is more interesting. Expect pleasant mountain views on the inward nine-hole loop. Green fees for visitors are €67, credit cards accepted. All visiting golfers are welcome, but advance bookings are required. Tee times are available on both week days and weekends. Rental golf carts available.

Golf de l’Esterel

745 Blvd Darby

nr St Raphael

Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur

83700, France

Tél : +33 04 94 52 68 30

Fax : +33 04 94 52 68 31

formule-golf.com

See & Do

La Croisette

Perhaps in no city does a single street more epitomise the essence of the local culture than La Croisette in Cannes. Running parallel to the coastline and divided by islands of flowers and palm trees, this boulevard of upscale designer shops in full view of the ocean teems with elegant pedestrians walking their dogs, browsing the boutiques, and soaking up the golden light of the Côte d’Azur. Scattered with lovely restaurants and home to the shops of Jimmy Choo, Hermes, Luis Vuitton, Chanel, and Dior among others, La Croisette is truly the heart of all that is cosmopolitan and elite in Cannes.

La Croisette

World famous street running along the shoreline.

Musée de la Castre

Home to works of decorative art, sculpture, and paintings, the museum has a gallery featuring relics of the Mediterranean civilisations dating from the Greeks, Romans, Cypriots, and Egyptians. Five rooms are devoted to paintings from the 19th century and the ethnography section offers excellent examples of Peruvian and Maya pottery. Open June to August, Tuesday to Sunday, 10am to 1pm and 3 to 7 pm. April, May, and September, Tuesday to Sunday, 10am to 1pm, and 2 to 6pm. October to March, Tuesday to Sunday, 10am to 1pm, 2 to 5pm. Admission is 3€. Free the first Sunday of each month.

Musée de la Castre

In the Château de la Castre, Le Suquet.

Tél. 04-93-38-55-26

Palais des Festivals

Located on the east side of the Old Port, the Palais de Festivals opened in 1982. The impressive complex includes three auditoriums, all outfitted with the most modern equipment for sound and simultaneous translation. There are 11 conference rooms, two exhibition halls, a night club, and a restaurant. The extensive Allées des Stars includes the hand prints and signatures of hosts of film industry notables and is a popular spot with visitors on holiday. (Just beyond the Palais des Festivals, look for the Vieux Port with a medley of luxury and fishing boats and the nearby allées de la Liberté flower market.)

Palais des Festivals

1 Avenue Laugier

06400 Cannes, France

Tél. 04 93 99 88 35

palaisdesfestivals.com

Petit Train

Enjoy a ride in one of the white-sided, diesel-powered Petit Train touristique de Cannes to understand the difference between the old and new parts of the city. To view modern Cannes, board in front of either of the two casinos. To view Vieux Cannes (Le Suquet) board opposite the Hôtel Majestic. Both depart on the hour throughout the day (10am to 7 and 11:30pm by season with no service in November.) Tours last approximately 45 minutes. Cost is 5€ to 9€ for adults, 2.50€ to 3€ for children younger than 10. (Lower prices are for the tour of the old town.) Combination tickets are 8€ for adults, 5€ for children under 10 and are good on separate days.

Petit Train

La Croisette, Cannes

Tél. 04-93-38-39-18

Grasse

Located just 16km to the north of Cannes, Grasse is the capital of the world’s perfume industry and an excellent day trip out of the city. More than two-thirds of the natural aromas used in perfume and as food flavourings are produced in Grasse. Visit one of many perfume factories or tour the Musée International de la Parfumerie at 8 place du Cours. In August, the annual Jasmine Festival brings a carnival atmosphere to the town. Flowers, which grow in profusion in the warm, sheltered micro climate fill the streets with lovely aromas at every turn.

Grasse

16km north of Canes

 

About the Author

Maria Mclean Burger

Davis Sotheby’s International Realty

Cannes Apartment Rentals and Cannes Villa Rentals

Marketing@burger-davis.com

+ 33 (0)4 92 28 07 82

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cheapest Solar Power

Solar Powered Lighting Systems-Cheapest Solar Powered Lighting Systems

Solar Power Is the energy of the future. Learn how to get the cheapest solar powered lighting systems. A few of the numerous advantages of Solar Energy are first and foremost its free, easy to exploit and is capable to provide more energy than what is needed by most homes and businesses.

You may be aware that a commercially sold Solar Lighting system will have its worth in thousands of dollars. But, did you know you can go solar for a fraction of that cost?

Why Go Solar?

Solar Panels are made up of small Pv Cells, also known as Photovoltaic cells. The PV cells capture sun light and store it in a battery. The energy stored in the battery is then converted into usable electricity using an inverter. Solar power is a renewable resource of energy and free to harness once you have installed solar panels.

Installing ready made solar panels can be pretty expensive and can cost you anywhere from $10,000 – $18,000 to solar power you entire home. You can Solar Power Your whole house for a fraction of this amount if you learn how to build solar powered lighting systems. Building such systems from scratch is cheap and easy; all the necessary raw materials can be easily bought from the local electrical or hardware store. This also cuts down on any further impact on the environment as the solar panels do not go through any manufacturing processes.

Going Solar Is Easy!

Various kits are available to download from different vendors that will teach you to Build Solar powered lighting systems. The downloaded kits include steps for calculating the actual electricity that you need from solar panels based upon your electricity bills. Once you have that information you can start building your own solar panels, typically you can easily build a 100 watt Solar Panel in a day very easily.

Now, that’s not something very substantial, but when you can easily redo the whole process over and over again, you can completely go off-grid with a few days of work and perhaps sell back the extra power back to the utility company. Now, how is that for a change? You’ll get a check from the utility provider!

Save Heaps!

Once you install solar powered lighting systems, they will pay for themselves many times over the course of their life. Generally, solar panels have an average lifetime for 25-30 years requiring no to little maintenance. So, you do the math here and calculate how much you are set to save!

About the Author

Stop paying your energy bills and throwing money out of the window. Learn how to build solar powered lighting systems, easily and save $1000’s on utility bills forever! Learn how thousands of people worldwide have slashed their electric bills by 80% and at times completely eliminated them by using the Best Diy Solar Power Guides on the planet, that have step by step instructions and videos that even a novice teenager can follow to build solar powered lighting systems.

Can Solar Thermal Power solve the worlds energy problems?

According to this link Europe uses 4,000 terawatts of energy but in the normally unusable deserts of North Africa and the Middle East 630,000 terawatts fall unused. If solar thermal plants covered the desert about the size of Austria it could power the whole entire world. The technology is cheap and includes an ability to store the energy for nighttime needs. If all this is possible why are Earth are we not employing this clean, cheap, abundent source of energy?

http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,550544,00.html

Solar thermal could do just that at affordable costs. Solar thermal can now produce electricity at as low as 8 cents a watt, and that would be improved by the economy of scale of mass production of the solar plant components.

1% of the Sahara desert could power the whole world.

1% of the deserts in the American southwest could power the whole country.

And solar photovoltaic efficiencey is not stuck at 10% as someone answered. It is closer to 20%.

And that efficiency is rapidly improving and the cost of making solar panels is falling just as rapidly. Solar panel industry experts say they are just a few years away from being at grid parity with coal and gas power plants.

In fact, Nanosolar is already there, being able to produce solar panel complete systems for less money than it takes to build a coal power plant.
And then there is the cost of the coal and the pollution from it.

http://www.brightsourceenergy.com/

“Nanosolar’s founder and chief executive, Martin Roscheisen, claims to be the first Solar Panel Manufacturer to be able to profitably sell solar panels for less than $1 a watt. That is the price at which solar energy becomes less expensive than coal.
With a $1-per-watt panel,” he said, “it is possible to build $2-per-watt systems.
According to the Energy Department, building a new coal plant costs about $2.1 a watt, plus the cost of fuel and emissions, he said.”
from http://www.grinzo.com/energy/index.php/category/solar/

Concentrating Solar Photovoltaic Power plants and solar thermal power plants in the southwest should be a large part of our future energy system.

Scientific American A Solar Grand Plan

http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=a-solar-grand-plan

Shows how we could have 69% solar power in the U.S, by 2050, spending less in taxpayer dollars than we spent building the internet and high speed information highway, and in about the same 35 year time frame.

And by spending about 1/8 as much annually over those years as we now give oil companies in subsidies.

http://www.setamericafree.org/saf_hiddencostofoil010507.pdf

Some solar thermal companies.

http://www.ausra.com

http://www.infiniacorp.com/main.php

http://www.skyfuel.com/

http://www.solucar.es/sites/solar/en/index.jsp

http://www.esolar.com/

“I’d put my money on the sun & solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don’t have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that.” Thomas Edison, 1931

Solar thermal plants can store heat, which will generate steam driven electricity at night.

“Solar thermal power plants such as Ausra’s generate electricity by driving steam Turbines with sunshine. Ausra’s solar concentrators boil water with focused sunlight, and produce electricity at prices directly competitive with gas- and coal-fired electric power.”

“All of America’s needs for electric power – the entire US grid, night and day – can be generated with Ausra’s current technology using a square parcel of land 92 miles on a side. For comparison, this is less than 1% of America’s deserts, less land than currently in use in the U.S. for coal mines.”

Some of the arguments against wind and solar just don’t make sense, like the argument that they are too intermittent, or not constant.

“There are areas in Denmark and Germany who use more than 40 percent of their electricity from wind. From what I have read, they are less concerned about the intermittency than we are in the United States even though we aren’t at 1 pecent yet. Why? Because we are told by the fossil fuel guys, hey, can’t use wind, can’t use solar, what about the intermittency. If wind gets up to 40 percent of the electricity we use and solar gets up to 40 of the electricity we use, the other percents of electricity we need can be made up from the fossil fuel plants that are still there. If they are run less at full power, they can last a long time. That can be your electricity `battery.’”

http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2008/1/7/05733/93954

http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/1444/70/

“Using mirrors to focus the sun’s heat on one of any various heat-to-electricity converters seems to have separated itself out as being the cheapest form of solar power.”

“Solar energy is the great leveler (unlike oil, which has been the great divider) between the haves and the have nots). No one owns the sun. It can’t be drilled or mined or tied up in financial derivatives.”
(See Here Comes the Sun, February 17, 2007, Commentary, Chipstocktrader.com)

Green Wombat has several articles about solar thermal plants in California and Arizona. California has 9 small pilot plants that were built in the 80s and 90s. They produce 355 megawatts. Two larger plants have been approved for the Mojave Desert at 355 and 500 megawatts. Another is to be built near San Luis Obispo at 175 megawatts. Two or three others are in proposal stage, at up to 800 and 900 megawatts, for two of them.

http://blogs.business2.com/greenwombat/

from the Scientific American article:

“The greatest obstacle to implementing a renewable U.S. energy system is not technology or money, however. It is the lack of public awareness that solar power is a practical alternative—and one that can fuel transportation as well. Forward-looking thinkers should try to inspire U.S. citizens, and their political and scientific leaders, About Solar Power’s incredible potential. Once Americans realize that potential, we believe the desire for energy self-sufficiency and the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions will prompt them to adopt a national solar plan”

“The huge reduction in imported oil would lower trade balance payments by $300 billion a year, assuming a Crude Oil price of $60 a barrel (average prices were higher in 2007). ”

Together with Wind and other renewable, we can go to clean energy, while ultimately improving our economy as well.

http://www.setamericafree.org/blueprint.pdf

A Blueprint For U.S. Energy Security

From the SetAmerican free document above.

The total of all oil-related external or “hidden” costs of $825 billion per year. This
total is nearly twice the figure authorized for the Department of Defense in 2006.
To put the figure in further perspective, it is equivalent to adding $8.35 to the price
of a gallon of gasoline refined from Persian Gulf oil. This would raise that figure to
$10.73, making the cost of filling the gasoline tank of a sedan $214.60, and of an
SUV $321.90.
And then there’s the $300 billion oil adds to our trade imbalance annually.

You think that makes for a good economy?

There is an unbelievable amounty of disinformation about the potential of renewable energy.

cheapest solar power
How to Build Very Cheap Solar Panels and Wind Power Generator and Cut your Electricity Bills by 90%

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Wind Turbine ireland

Wind Power Manufacturers of the World

Since a long time ago, ancient people had known the benefit of wind to help their life easier. In Babylonia and China, for instance, nearly 4000 years ago the inhabitants of two regions used the power of the wind to pump water for their crops. While in Europe in middle ages, people used wind power to grind grain for their food. In modern living, wind power is used for greater benefit.

In certain region of the world which receives lots of wind, German for instance, uses the wind power to generate electricity. As time goes by, when people start to realize how useful it is to ‘farm’ wind and apply its energy for supporting modern life, companies called Wind Power Manufacturers begin to establish their businesses.

Wind power in short term is a way of how we use the wind energy converted into other form of useful energy, such as electricity. The conversion process done by machines called Wind Generators (25km/h). They consist of blades or Turbines or propellers which turn the generator to load the energy storage. Then the Wind power manufacturers place the machines in areas which receive great wind-the coast, top hills or plain areas-to maximize wind farming. The process itself is similar to battery charging.
The wind power contributes about 1.5% of electricity usage in the year 2008. Some countries have shared penetration of their wind power use in high levels. Denmark, for example, reached 19% of its stationary electricity production from wind power. Spain and Portugal has 11% of it, while German and Ireland got 7%. At the beginning of 2009, eight more countries (some of them are China, Canada, India, and Mexico) use the power of wind for their commercial sectors.

In USA, Texas is counted as the best region in installing wind power over 1,000 Megawatts. It stands right in the second place after California in wind farming.

List of The Wind Power Manufacturers
Farming the wind seemed to be a promising business. From time to time the rise of the companies which dedicated to manufacture wind power is doubled in numbers. Here are the three of the well-known wind power manufacturers:
1.Vestas (Denmark)
Vestas (Vestas Wind System) is one of the biggest wind power manufacturers in the world. It provides full range of products in turbines systems. Vestas has plants in Denmark, Germany, India, Italy, Britain, Spain, Sweden, Norway, Australia, China, Windsor and Colorado.

2.GE Energy (United States)
GE is also one of the leading Wind Turbine Suppliers in the world. It has more than 8,000 Wind Turbine Installation in worldwide which manufacturing in Germany, Spain, China, Canada, and the United States.

3.Gamesa (Spain)
Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica is a manufacturing company based in Vitoria –Gasteiz, Spain. It’s a leading company in Spain and sells Wind Farms and supplies turbines. Its reputation as wind power manufacturer has spread across four continents.  
The demand of energy consumption is getting higher from time to time. Unfortunately, the sources of energy are limited. Wind energy which can be converted to electricity is an alternative to solve the problem. It’s renewable, environmental friendly, caused no pollution and no noise, and also less cost in budget. We could eliminate our dependency for sources of energy to coal or power plants forever.

The existence of wind power manufacturers help people to start thinking about Alternative Energy which meet the needs of electricity source yet keep the earth clean from pollutions.

About the Author

I am an Internet Professional that offers web development, internet marketing and seo consulting.
This entry was posted on Make Wind Power Blog

Wind power saves Antrim Area hospital £186,000 on electricity bills.What the hell are we all waiting for ?

Antrim Area Hospital has saved £186,000 on electricity bills by Installing A Wind Turbine.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7276678.stm

EU called for an emergency internal meeting amid fears the row could hit European supplies.
Much of the gas Russia sells to Europe passes through pipelines in Ukraine.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7276589.stm..

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7276589.stm

That’s not the half of it,a friend who lives near antrim tried to get permission to put one up,some chance,the forms and red tape made it a nightmare.you could open a land fill site quicker.More stupid statements from our pathetic government.

wind turbine ireland
wind turbine balloo road bangor n ireland 4 august 2008 2

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Set Case Sae

Overview Of Forensic Nursing

Crime scene investigators are the first people allowed to touch dead people’s body at the spot where they were first discovered. The lead CSI observes and from what he saw, he concludes foul play. That’s homicide TV for you there. As we see them geeks strut through the laboratory with all those gadgets to get evidence from the littlest of substances or debris we can’t help but admire them, and possibly daydream of being them. Forensic nursing is a little something like that. Read on for more on forensic nursing description.

Forensic nursing is a new specialty area in nursing practice that is fast gaining popularity even across nations. It is recognized by the American Nurses Association (ANA). The International Association of Forensic Nurses (IAFN) is the group that helps promote and develop the field further.

Forensic nurses take charge of investigating the causes of mortality or death in so many settings. Their responsibilities include:

* Collection of evidence from the suspect and victim

* Testify in court using evidence gathered as a fact witness or as an expert witness

* Know how to properly handle evidence

* Conduct forensic photography

* Serve as bridge between health care and legal systems

A forensic nurse should be skillful in making observations, documentations, and preservation of all evidences, which can help solve a criminal case. Forensic nursing is a broad science that covers sub-specialties like sexual assault, death investigation, psychiatric care, and medical-legal consultations. Here are the various types of forensic nurses:

- Forensic Clinical Nurse Specialist

- Forensic Nurse Investigator

- Nurse Coroner or Death Investigator

- Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner

- Legal Nurse Consultant

- Forensic Gerontology Specialist

- Forensic Psychiatric Nurse

- Correctional Nursing Specialist

Crime-related situations have time and again proven the importance of forensic nursing. Owing to the skills of the forensic nurse to provide health care, they are most especially needed in establishing the concrete foundation to a more stable and effective justice and legal system.

Training programs related to forensic examination of a victim were already available to qualified medical personnel as early as 1976. Health care professionals, both physicians and licensed nurses who underwent training spent 40 hours in the classroom learning the theories and concepts. Their training also exposed them to hands-on clinical practices that make them experience the actual applications of what they learned in the classroom.

The pilot training programs were more inclined towards care for sexual assault victims. As years went by these early programs were developed further and has branched out to several courses like SAFE (Sexual Assault Forensic Examiner), SANE (Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner), FNE (Forensic Nurse Examiner), SANC (Sexual Assault Nurse Clinician), and the latest SAE (Sexual Assault Examiner). These are different acronyms but in general, they teach the same curricula.

Violence is the usual root of all forensic nursing cases. This presents itself in various forms like verbal abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse, animal cruelty, destruction of property, sexual assault or rape, homicide, and so many more. There is no specific victim profile since anybody can be one. There are kids aged 2 who become victims. The same age group of kids can also manifest signs of violent behavior. In a crime, victims can become the perpetrators too.

Forensic nursing description can’t be summarized in a few sentences or paragraphs, but still, it would be helpful to know even these basic things that were cited here.

About the Author

To learn about fever while pregnant, forehead pain and other information, visit the Health And Nutrition Tips website.

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bergey Wind Turbines

Performance of Combined Power System With Design of Energy Storage Controller System

Abstract -We investigated a small isolated hybrid power system that used two types of power generation; Wind Turbine and diesel generation. The interaction of diesel generation, The Wind Turbine, and the local load is complicated because both the load and the wind turbine fluctuate during the day. These fluctuations create imbalances in power distribution (energy sources are not equal to energy sinks) that can affect the frequency and the voltage in the power system. The addition of energy storage will help balance the distribution of power in the power network. For this paper, we studied the interaction among hybrid power system components and the relative size of the components. We also show how the contribution of wind energy affects the entire power system and distribution and the role of energy storage under the transient conditions caused by load changes and wind turbine startups.

Index Terms - wind turbine, diesel generator, hybrid power system, renewable energy, energy storage.

 

I. INTRODUCTION

Windmills were used to pump water and mill grain, along with many other uses [1, 2, 3, 4].

Today, wind turbines are used for similar purposes (i.e., water or oil pumping, battery charging, and utility generation). One important aspect of Wind Turbine Applications, especially in an industrial environment, is that Wind Turbines Generate Electricity without creating pollution. Wind turbines are also well suited for generating electricity in isolated places with no connections to the utility grid [2,3,4]. However, in isolated applications, especially very small applications, the power system components (sources and loads) are limited, and the system networks are weak in many cases. Thus, any changes in the power input or output of one component may affect the rest of the system more dramatically than in a larger system where the smoothing effect of many components benefits the overall system. In this paper, we analyze a hybrid power system consisting of a wind turbine, a diesel generator, a local load, and energy storage. We also present the impact of energy storage on the power system performance. The results and conclusions of this analysis apply to similar hybrid power systems.

 

 

 

II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

The system has two types of generation: the diesel generator and the Wind Turbine Generator (Figure 1). The

energy storage can act as a load or as a generator depending on the need. The diesel generator provides smooth output power, whereas the output power of a wind turbine depends on the wind velocity. As the wind velocity varies, so does is the power generation. For example, if the wind speed changes very smoothly, the output power of the wind turbine will also change very smoothly. On the other hand, wind turbulence causes the output power to fluctuate. Figure 1 is a single line diagram that represents the analyzed power system. The wind turbine has an induction generator with a capacity ranging from 40 kW to 225 kW. At low wind speeds, the generator operates at 900 rpm with a rated capacity of 40 kW. At high wind speeds, the generator speed is 1,200 rpm with a rated capacity of 225 kW. We used 150 kW of energy storage as a buffer to operate as a load or a source depending on the need. This paper discusses only fixed-speed Wind Turbine Generation and does not cover variable-speed wind turbine generation [5]. The Diesel Engine, which has a rated capacity of 400 kW, is operated in parallel with the wind turbine to supply the load. The local loads are mostly residential and light loads. Other loads include water pumps, compressors, and heavy equipment. An 80-kW water pump represents the transient condition of a heavy load.

 

Fig 1. One line diagram of power system

 

 

III. COMPONENTS OF POWER SYSTEM

The system we discuss in this paper consists of four major subsystems: a diesel generator, a wind turbine generator, heavy (industrial) loads, and energy storage. In the power system network, the balance of active power and reactive power must be maintained. The diesel-genset, then, must be able to keep the power balanced when the wind turbine or local load varies. This task is easy to accomplish provided the diesel genset is sufficiently sized. Although they are important, we will not cover the details of the dynamic model for electric machines used in the simulation. Many good textbooks are available on this subject.

A. Diesel Generator

In terms of an electrical system, a diesel generator can be represented as a prime mover and a generator. Ideally, the prime mover is capable of supplying any power demand up to rated power at constant frequency, and the synchronous generator connected to it must be able to keep the voltage constant at any load condition. Figure 2 is a block diagram of the diesel generator. The diesel engine keeps the frequency constant by maintaining the rotor speed constant via its governor. The synchronous generator must control its output voltage by controlling the excitation current. Thus, as a unit, the diesel generating system must be able to control its frequency and its output voltage. The inertia of the diesel genset, the sensitivity of the governor, and the power capability of the diesel engine all affect the diesel generator’s ability to respond to frequency changes. The ability of the synchronous generator to control its voltage is affected by the field winding time constant, the availability of the direct current (DC) power to supply the field winding, and the response of the voltage control regulation mechanism.

 

Figure 2. Diesel generator control block diagram

 

 

B. Wind Turbine

The main components of a wind turbine are the rotor of the turbine, which is the prime mover, and an induction generator. In general, the rotor is connected to the generator via a gearbox that matches the rotational speed. The simplest system uses a fixed-speed turbine. A fixed-speed turbine must rely on the blade-stall condition to limit the output power when the winds are at high speed. Note that, although the rotor speed of an induction generator varies with wind speed, the speed range is within a 1% to 2% slip. On the other hand, the wind speed variation may range from 5 m/s to 25 m/s; thus, in terms of the wind turbine, the induction generator operates at a relatively “fixed speed” compared to the range of wind speed variation.

C. Induction Machines

Most electric machines used in industry as prime movers are induction motors. Two applications of induction machines in the power system network fall within the scope of this study: one as the generator on a wind turbine and the other as a motor driving large pumps and compressors. By its nature, an induction machine is an inductive load. This machine absorbs reactive power either as a motor or generator. The reactive power absorbed by the induction machine comes from the line to which it is connected. In a hybrid power system, the reactive power comes from the synchronous generator of the diesel genset. In a wind turbine generator, a fixed capacitor is usually installed to supply some of the reactive power that the induction generator needs. Figure 3 shows the equivalent circuit of an induction machine connected to a power system. The power system is represented by infinite bus Es and the line impedance is represented by reactance Xs.

 

Figure 3. Equivalent circuit of an induction machine connected to power system

D. Various Loads

In the power system considered, there are two major loads. The first is a large water pump representing a typical industrial load. The second is a collection of loads for which the size and power factor can be programmed throughout the day to represent a typical village load. The voltage at the terminal of the load varies as a result of a voltage drop across the line impedance. The voltage drop across the line impedance varies depending on the size of the current and the power factor of the load. The terminal voltage for a wind turbine generator (VS), as the output current of induction machine, varies from start-up to generating mode. During start-up, voltage drops significantly at the terminal voltage of the induction machine. The voltage drop across line impedance is caused by the current surge during start-up. In addition, the phase angle of the stator current is very large and lagging. The combination of a poor power factor and a lagging, large current surge creates a voltage dip at the terminal of the induction machine during start-up. Thus, a start-up of short duration is preferable to a prolonged one

E. Energy Storage

The energy storage can be of different types (i.e. flywheel, battery, hydrogen/fuel-cell, hydropower etc.). In this paper, we assumed energy storage with a power converter interface to the power network. The power converter is connected to the energy storage at one end. With variability of wind resource, energy storage is an excellent contributor to the power system. The energy storage behaves like a large buffer to accommodate the unequal instantaneous energy in the power system. Ideally, at any instant of time, there should be a zero net exchange between the energy sources and the energy sinks (both real and reactive power). If this balance is not achieved, the voltage and frequency of the system changes to maintain equilibrium. At any instant, the energy storage behaves either as an energy source or energy sink depending of the mode of operation.

Figure 4. Energy Storage control block diagram

 

It is assumed that the energy storage has a power converter interfacing the power network. Although it is possible for the power converter to function as a reactive power compensator, the cost of a power converter is very expensive compared to other means of reactive power compensation currently available in the market. Keep in mind that the size of the power semiconductor in the power converter is limited by its current limit and its voltage limit. Thus, minimizing the current passing through the power switches will minimize the current rating of the power converter and will lower the cost. For this paper, we only used the power converter to process real power in and out of the energy storage. Figure 4 shows a block diagram of energy storage control algorithm. It uses frequency deviation to indicate a real power imbalance in the system. The frequency deviation is also used as the feedback to control the energy storage output. If the load power demand is higher than the power supply available, the frequency of the diesel generator will slowly drop. Other energy stored in the system includes the kinetic energy in the turbine blades, the diesel generator inertia, and energy in the inductors and capacitors, etc.

 

F. Balance of Energy in the System

In the isolated system we studied, the balance of real and reactive power must always be maintained. The balance of real power is maintained by the governor of the diesel generator. The balance of reactive power is maintained by the exciter of the diesel’s synchronous generator. When the load demands more power than the diesel and the wind turbine can produce, and the diesel engine has reached its highest limit, as the loads continue to increase, the governor of the diesel cannot push more power, and the rotor speed of the diesel will start to drop. The frequency of the generator will then drop until balance is reached or the system collapses. The voltage in the system is also an indicator of the balance in the system. When the reactive power demand from the loads is higher than what can be provided by the diesel generator, the capacitor, and other means of compensation, the system voltage will drop. Although the size of output and input of the energy storage is adjustable, it is limited by its ratings. For this paper, we assumed that the energy storage is capable of storing and providing long-term energy to the power network to maintain system balance. In reality, only a limited amount of energy can be stored. We will not discuss energy analysis in detail in this paper. In practice, the energy will be stored when the wind turbine produces enough power and the diesel is operating under light load. The actual loads are divided into critical and non-critical loads. Critical loads are supplied at all times and non-critical loads are served only if there is enough source and it will be shed off the system when the voltage or frequency drops below the allowable limit. With the existence of sufficiently sized energy storage, it is possible to serve all the loads (critical and non-critical) all the time.

IV. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

The case studies look at different aspects of major power system components in the power network. The first case study investigates the diesel power component. In the power network, a diesel generator must maintain system balance by responding properly to power changes.

A. Case Study I: Diesel–Wind Turbine Interaction

A diesel generator consists of a diesel engine and a synchronous generator. The diesel engine is responsible for controlling the frequency and keeping it constant through its governor. The synchronous generator is responsible for controlling the voltage via its field winding and voltage controller. Undersized diesel engine: The ability of a diesel engine to change speed is its accelerating or decelerating power. The diesel accelerates when the input power is higher than the electrical output power of the generator (including losses).

The diesel decelerates when the input power is lower than the electrical output power of the generator (including losses). An oversized diesel engine does not have problems accelerating or decelerating, but an undersized diesel engine may create problems, during, for example, the start-up of a wind turbine or large compressor. Figure 5 illustrates a condition where the diesel is undersized with respect to the load. The genset frequency and the terminal voltage of the wind turbine generator are shown on the top graph, and the real power of the diesel, wind turbine, water pump, and local load are shown on the bottom graph. At start-up, the wind turbine uses the smaller, 40-kW generator to motor up and bring the induction machine up to speed. Because the wind speed is low, the wind turbine operates at low output power, and the local load is set to 200 kW. The diesel engine has a rated power of 400 kW. At t = 2 s, the wind turbine is turned on. As we can see, the voltage dip and the frequency dip are not very large, because the wind turbine is started using a smaller generator

 

Figure 5. Voltage, frequency, and power to illustrate

an undersized diesel genset

At t = 10 s, the 80-kW water pump is started up. The startup time for the water pump is longer than that of the wind turbine because the wind turbine is started when the rotor speed is close to the synchronous speed and the wind turbine also gets some help from the wind. The voltage drop is not very significant, but the frequency of the diesel drops about 3%. The diesel output power increases to cover the real power needed, whereas the contribution from the wind turbine is insignificant because the wind is low. For a short time, the induction generator enters the motoring range between t = 10.8 s and t = 11.3 s. After the condition is restored, at t = 14 s, the additional local load (300 kW noncritical) is turned on, bringing the total load to 580 kW. Because the diesel can carry only up to 400 kW and the wind’s contribution is very small at about 40 kW, the voltage and frequency start decreasing, and the voltage and frequency sensors detect the change. If the frequency drops below 95% and the voltage drops below 90% for an elapsed time of 0.5 s, the controller will drop the additional load (300 kW) and keep the critical load (200 kW) to regain the voltage and frequency. After the load is shed at t = 14.5 s, the frequency and voltage eventually return to normal. When the frequency drops, the wind turbine’s power contribution suddenly jumps because of a sudden increase of generating slip. Eventually, the genset frequency increases again for a short period and the induction generator enters into the motoring condition (between t = 14.5 s and t = 15 s). This condition worsens if the mechanical time constant of the Wind Turbine Rotor (including the blade) is higher than the diesel genset time constant. In other words, the changing of the genset rotor speed is much faster than the changing of the wind turbine rotor speed. The response to the load change is shown by how fast the governor corrects the frequency and how fast the generator’s field excitation control reacts to the voltage changes. Undersized diesel engine with energy storage: As shown in the previous subsection, an undersized diesel engine cannot supply all energy needed, and it must shed some of the non-critical load to retain power-system stability. To remedy this situation, a 150-kW energy storage is installed to bring the combined output of the diesel genset and energy storage up to 550 kW. Figure 6 shows the improved power system after the energy storage is added. The same simulation is performed except it is now equipped with an energy storage. There is a significant improvement in the frequency regulation after the storage is installed to stabilize the system. The non-critical load (300 kW) survives even during low wind conditions. The frequency dips during the wind turbine start-up and the water pump start-up, and when the 300 kW load non-critical load is switched, it is reduced dramatically. Obviously, the capability of the energy storage to deliver a large amount of power instantaneously plays a major role in restoring the frequency of the power system. An additional benefit is noticed in the system voltage behavior of the wind turbine. Because the change in the frequency deviation presented to the wind turbine induction generator is small and smooth, the behavior of the stator current at the induction generator is also smooth. Thus it reduces the Ldi/dt and overall voltage drop across the line.

Oversized wind turbine:

When the Wind Power output exceeds the power required by the load, the synchronous generator of the diesel genset becomes a synchronous motor that tends to accelerate the rotor speed of the diesel engine. The excess energy from the wind power, then, tries to drive the diesel engine. Because the diesel engine has only a small braking capability resulting from engine compression, the frequency control can be lost when the extra power generated by the wind turbine is sufficiently high.

 

Figure 6. Voltage, frequency, and power to illustrate

an undersized diesel genset with storage

In Figure 7, the diesel generator has a rated power of 400 kW, the local load is initially set to 280 kW and at t = 4 s, and the local load is set to 100 kW. When the diesel is started, there is only a local load of 280 kW. The wind turbine is then started at t = 2 s with a 225-kW induction machine. Although the diesel genset is rated at only 400 kW and the wind turbine is started with a 225-kW induction machine, the effect of wind turbine start-up on the power system is very mild, mostly because the induction machine current is limited by a soft start. A soft start is a device that limits starting current during start-up. It consists of a pair of back-to-back thyristors installed in series with each phase of the motor winding. Because the firing angle of the thyristor can be controlled, the size of the starting current can be adjusted by controlling the firing angle of the thyristors. As we can see (Figure 5), the same wind turbine (225 kW) draws a starting power of 300 kW, but after the soft start is installed (Figure 7), the power surge during start-up drops to about 100 kW. After the wind turbine enters generating mode (at about t = 2.5 s), the local load (280 kW) is shared between the diesel genset (55 kW) and the wind turbine (225 kW). The voltage and frequency are maintained constant, and the diesel genset

 

 

 

Figure 7. Voltage, rotor speed, and power of an

oversize wind turbine

generates only a small percentage of its rated load (about 13%). This makes a significant contribution to fuel savings from the wind energy. At t = 4 s, the local load is reduced from 280 kW to 100 kW; the wind speed stays the same. As a result, the wind turbine tries to supply 225 kW, but the only load available is 100 kW. As a result, the synchronous generator of the diesel genset turns into a motor (negative power), the governor loses its speed control, and frequency runaway is triggered. This is an example of the wind turbine being oversized compared to the local load. In such a case, a dump load (water heater, water pump, battery charger, etc.) is usually deployed to keep the diesel genset generating, which prevents it from motoring. Minimum power generation of the diesel genset is usually pre-set (for example, 15%–40% of the rated load). If the generated power of the diesel genset is less than the preset value, the dump load should be deployed. The dump load must be sized so that the diesel genset will always generate power above its minimum set point. The dump loads are normally non-critical loads used to store excess electrical energy in another form, such as heat (water or space heater), electric charge (battery charging), or potential energy (water pump). Oversized wind turbine with energy storage: As shown in the previous subsection, an oversized wind turbine can drive the system into an unstable condition because of the inability of the diesel engine to keep the frequency constant. An energy storage installed in the power system network is not only useful to remedy the undersized diesel engine but also for cases where there is an excess power produced by the wind turbine. Without energy storage, the wind turbine can drive the synchronous machine into motoring region and the frequency output will be out of control. With a power converter to interface between the energy storage and the power network, the energy storage is capable of quickly absorbing excess power generated by the wind turbine and hold the generator rotor speed from a runaway condition. As shown in Figure 8, the frequency runaway can be prevented by using energy storage to capture the excess power in the power network.

Figure 8. Voltage, rotor speed, and power of an

oversize wind turbine with energy storage

B. Case Study II: Charging the Storage Under Normal Condition

The energy storage will be charged only when there is an energy surplus from the wind and the required network load is very light. Because the governor of the diesel generator will always maintain the frequency constant, the output power of the diesel generator is an indicator of the power within the system available to charge the energy storage. One benefit of charging the energy storage during this condition is that the efficiency of the diesel engine is at its peak when it is operated near its rated power. Thus, when a surplus of power is detected within the system, the energy storage will be charged and some energy will be stored within the system. The amount of energy and the size of charging power depend on the size of the surplus power. The charging process will be stopped when the energy storage reaches its limit. Maximum charging current is also limited by the energy storage and by the power converter interface. Figures 9 shows the charging process. Initially there is enough wind speed to start the wind turbine. The diesel generator is supplying a constant load of 280 kW (power factor = 0.995 lagging) all the time. As the wind turbine generates full power (225kW), the diesel governor redistributes the load and there is a load sharing between the wind turbine and the diesel generator. As the transient settles out, it is shown that the diesel generator is contributing a very small amount of power to the load, thus the charging mechanism is started. The energy storage is charged slowly until it reaches its limit.

 

 

Figure 9. Real power flow in the power system

 

In Figure 9, the charging of energy storage during normal condition is limited to 75 kW, which is about 50% of the rated power of the capacitor. This limit ensures that the power converter still has enough headroom to deliver or absorb power during an emergency. For example, if there is some loss of the loads in the power systems, the energy storage must absorb the loads loss to avoid a sudden change in frequency. Similarly, to compensate for a sudden load increase to the power systems (e.g. the water pump is started), the energy storage must release energy to the power system to keep constant frequency at the diesel generator. As shown in Figure 9, the real power used by the energy storage to stabilize the frequency takes precedence over the charging power used to charge the storage. This can be seen especially when the water pump is started at about t = 15 seconds.

V. CONCLUSION

After presenting an overview of the components of the power system under investigation, we described the operating characteristics of the components as they relate to voltage and frequency variations in the power network. The analysis shows the dynamic interaction among the wind turbine, diesel engine, large loads, and energy storage. It also demonstrates the dynamics of real power balance and how the system is stabilized with the controlled energy storage. The voltage regulation is very minimal and the frequency regulation is controlled very closely. The voltage regulation is controlled mostly by the balance of reactive power in the system and the time constant of the excitation system of the generator. The frequency regulation depends on the energy storage control, the size of the energy storage, the total inertia in the system (temporary energy storage).Many technical solutions can be implemented to remedy the shortcomings covered in this paper. However, as in any power generation system, the economic implications of the solutions must be carefully considered.

REFERENCES

[1] E. Muljadi, L. Flowers, J. Green, and M. Bergey. 1996. “Electrical Design of Wind-Electric Water Pumping.” ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118:246–252.

[2] J.T.G. Pierik and M. De Bonte. 1985. Quasi Steady State Simulation of Autonomous Wind Diesel Systems (Status Report). Report No. ECN-85-091. Petten, The Netherlands: The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation.

[3] A.J. Tsitsovits and L.L. Freris. 1983. Dynamics of an Isolated Power System Supplied from Diesel and Wind. Proc.IEEE 130, Part A, No. 9:587–595.

[4] J.T. Bialasiewicz, E. Muljadi, G. Nix, and S. Drouilhet. 1998. “RPM-SIM Simulator: A Comparison of Simulated versus Recorded Data. “Proceedings of Windpower ’98.” Bakersfield, California, 423–432.

[5] E. Muljadi and C.P. Butterfield. 2001. “Pitch-Controlled Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation,” Transactions of the IEEE-Industry Applications Society.

 

 

About the Author

Assistant professor in lord venkateswara engineering college.I am doing phd in sathyabama university, Tamil Nadu,India.

bergey wind turbines

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Wind Turbine rotor blades

Wind, like the sun are considered a form of Solar Energy and therefore also a source of renewable energy. How is wind formed? In layman’s terms the uneven heat of the sun heat up the atmosphere, the irregularities of the earth’s surface and the rotation of the earth causes wind to form. Wind is the one part of the equation and a wind turbine are the other part in order to produce electricity so let us have a look at the working of a wind turbine.

How does a Wind Turbine Work? The basic components of a wind turbine are the tower, nacelle – the housing that contains the rotor, gearbox and generator of the turbine – and the blades. Wind, when blowing uses a forward motion. This forward motion needs to be harnessed in some way or another and that is where the blades of The Wind Turbine come into play. In order to get electricity we need to change the forward motion of the wind into a circular motion.

When the wind blows over the rotor blades which are tilted at a certain degree they start to turn the same as an aircraft engine. Voila, we now have circular mechanical rotation and the shaft that is connected to the rotor is either connected to a gearbox or directly to the generator which produces electricity. The gearbox simply changes the slow speed of the propeller to a much higher speed to drive the generator by means of special gears. Electricity are now produced which can be fed to the grid or used to power your home, business or farm.

It is very interesting to note that the first turbine that was built in the early eighties was not that big in size and actually very small. The rotor blades were only about twenty meters in diameter and only had a capacity of twenty to sixty kilowatt of energy. Luckily all technology improves over time and today offshore Turbines develop about 5 megawatt of energy with the rotor blades being 126 meter in diameter. Onshore turbines generate about 2.5 – 3 megawatt of electricity today. One onshore turbine does have the capacity to power about 1500 house in Europe.

Why is it that we as humans always need to develop bigger things and in this scenario bigger blades and turbines? The answer is very simple. To get more cost effective energy. The higher the wind turbine the more stable the winds are and therefore the more stable the energy that is produced. In other words, if we have constant winds the turbine will never stop turning and thus continuously keep on generating electricity.

So, what does the future hold for Wind Turbines and wind produced energy? The cost ratio between wind turbines and fossil fuel energy has already reached the break even point and the possibility that wind turbine generated electricity will become cheaper in the very near future is a reality. The challenge is that costs on the fossil fuel side are just passed on to the consumer and therefore they can still stay in the race. Technology will further improve and Make Wind Turbines more cost effective than before and there is no question that wind generated energy will be the cheapest in the near future. The added benefit is that it is better on the environment.

This is a very basic explanation of How Wind Turbines Work and how electricity is generated. It is however possible to build your own turbine and save substantial amounts of money on your electricity bill. Please visit http://www.squidoo.com/green-power-easy to convert your home to alternative methods of energy.

Why do irrigation Windmills (on farms) have a higher blade surface area than electrical generation turbines?

It seems strange that the rotor chosen for most electrical turbines is a three-blade design. I don’t understand why a much higher surface area design (i.e. the rotor of an irrigation windmill — the ones you see pictured in any Americana photo of a large farm) is not employed to catch a larger amount of wind. Does it have to do with bird mortality? Also, do electrical turbines have any ability to steer directly into the wind, as you see a weather vane do?

Wind Turbine Generators definitely have the ability to change their direction according to wind conditions. On the very large turbines, there is usually a smaller weather station on the top of the nacelle to measure wind speed and direction. Inside the nacelle (that’s the ‘body’ of the turbine, on top of the tower, to which the blades attach), the turbine control computers direct motors to adjust the turbine into the wind.

The control computers also adjust the pitch of the turbine blades, to catch more or less wind, depending on power output and wind conditions. This is very similar to the propeller technology used on airplanes.

The old-time windmills of the Americana era are simple fixed-blade designs that were intended to be cheap and withstand a large range of wind conditions.

In Modern Wind Turbines, each blade is a highly engineered, carefully controlled, very expensive device. And, each blade is HUGE compared to the little windmill blades. Long-term studies have compared many different blade designs, and found that 3 blades is the most acceptable tradeoff considering cost, performance, reliability, and ability to extract useful energy from the wind.

Wind Turbine Rotor blades
WindyNation’s 80 Inch WindGrabber Power Rotor Blade Set — Wind Turbine

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Solar Power prices

Homemade Solar Power – Learn How To Make Homemade Solar Power

Imagine if you could build your own homemade Solar Power System. Imagine if you could save 80% of your electricity money and at the same do your bit to save and preserve the environment. Yes, it’s possible now. Answer is Solar Power. And if you want to save more money on your monthly energy spending than Home Made Solar Power is the exact way to go.

Homemade Solar Power – Is the Energy of Future

The major issues today with conventional energy include the sky rocketing prices of energy. And the fact, that energy is created mainly from non-renewable sources of energy such as fossil fuels, which is a major contributor of all the carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere, which is virtually leading life on our planet on the verge of extinction. The answer to all these problems is- home made solar power.

Home made solar power systems have the potential of slashing down your energy costs by upto 80% without you reducing the usage of energy, and in some cases totally eradicate them. Solar Power Is a vital resource of green, renewable energy. With your home made solar power system you can produce your own environmental friendly homemade electricity

Why Homemade Solar Power Is The Way To Go?

You can go out and purchase a ready made Solar Power Kit from market; however, the cost of these kits is enough to burn a hole in one’s pocket as they come for a hefty price ranging from $1000-$10,000. That is why homemade solar power system is the way to go. A home made solar power system can be made for less than $200 and will you won’t spend more then half of your weekend to setup one for your home. All required raw materials will be easily available at your local hardware or electrical store.

You simply need to find a good DIY guide that show the exact steps that you need to follow to make your own home made solar power system. Try to go for one which has videos included and offers some sort of an online forum where you can chat with other DIY enthusiast, if these prerequisites are met then you will be good to go ahead & Solar Power Your home.

About the Author

Stop paying your energy bills and throwing money out of the window. Let us take you by the hand and show you How to make your own Homemade Solar Power System for less than 200!

Learn how thousands of people worldwide have slashed their electric bills by 80% and at times completely eliminated them by using this best DIY Home made Solar Power Guide on the planet, that has step by step instructions and videos that even a novice teenager can follow and solar power his home.

Solar Panels Prices?

I am a strong believer of solar power. Why are they so expensive? I’m am not going to pay 15-30 thousand dollars for them I cant afford them. Also, Does Al Gore have solar power? How about the rest of the Hollywood and Political activists? Are the rich or wealthy doing there part in buying solar or wind? How do we bring down the Cost Of Solar Panels? As they get more popular they get more expensive.

I’m also a strong believer in solar but like you said its to expensive. Check out this company. I think you would be interested in what they have to offer.

http://www.jointhesolution.com/therisingsun

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Are Solar Power Prices Going Down?

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Wind Turbine blade manufacture

Wind Turbine Physics: factors affecting performance

The efficiency of Wind Turbines depends on various factors such as location, geographical factors, mechanics, rotor shape/ size, etc. Output can be regulated by a constant or variable rotational speed, as well as adjustable and non-adjustable blades.

Power in the Wind

The importance of accurate wind speed data becomes clear when one understands how the speed affects the power. Consider a disk of area A with an air mass dm flowing through that area. In a time dt the mass will move a distance U.dt, creating a cylinder of volume A U dt, which has a mass dm = A ? U dt, where ? is the density of air. The power contained in the moving mass is the time rate of change in kinetic energy, given by

P = d(KE) / dt = d(1 mU ) dt = U dm / dt = A? U .

Therefore, the power is proportional to the wind speed cubed. It is important to know the wind speed precisely, because any error is magnified when calculating power.

Aerodynamics of Blades

A careful choice of the shape of the blades is crucial for maximum efficiency. Initially, wind turbines used blade shapes, known as airfoils, based on the wings of airplanes. Today’s wind turbines still use airfoils, but they are now specially designed for use on rotors. Airfoils use the concept of lift, as opposed to drag, to harness the wind’s motion. The idea behind lift is that when the edge of the airfoil is angled very slightly out of the direction of the wind, the air moves more quickly on the downstream (upper) side creating a low pressure that essentially lifts the airfoil upward. The amount of lift for a given airfoil depends heavily on the angle that it makes with the direction of the relative wind, known as the angle of attack, ?. With a certain range, an increased angle of attack means increased lift, but also more drag, which detracts from the desired motion.

When the angle of attack gets too large, turbulence develops and drag increases significantly, while lift is lost. The angle of attack on Wind Turbine Blades can be changed either by creating a specific geometry for the blades along the longitudinal axis/ span, also known as pitch control, or by allowing them to rotate around the axis perpendicular to their cross sections (along the span). This movement of turning the Wind Turbine Rotor against the wind is known as the yaw mechanism. The Wind Turbine is said to have a yaw error, if the rotor is not perpendicular to the wind. Changing the angle of attack is important to maintain a precise amount of lift so the rotor turns at a constant speed.

Loads, Stress, and Fatigue

Aside from optimizing the blade shape and the yaw direction, a vital consideration in the construction of a wind turbine is the lifetime of the machine. Wind turbines are currently designed to last at least 20 years. The blades must be strong enough to withstand all the loads and stresses from gravity, wind, and dynamic interactions. Blades are carefully manufactured and then extensively tested to make sure they can achieve the desired lifespan. As opposed to a car engine and other mechanical devices, an Efficient Wind Turbine runs about 90% of the time for twenty or more years.

Types of loads are static, steady, cyclic, transient, impulsive, stochastic, and resonance induced. Static loads are constant and occur even with a non-moving turbine. These include steady wind and gravity. Steady loads are constant when the turbine is in motion and are caused by a steady wind. Cyclic loads are periodic, usually due to the rotation of the rotor. They occur from gravity, wind shear, yaw motion, and vibration of the structure. Transient loads are time varying with occasional oscillation. Braking by the inner gears and mechanics will cause this type of load.

Impulsive loads are time varying on short scales, such as a blade being shadowed when passing the tower. Stochastic loads are random, usually around a constant mean value, and are primarily caused by turbulence. Resonance-induced loads, which are to be avoided as much as possible, occur when parts of the wind turbine are excited at their natural frequencies and then vibrate and can induce other parts to vibrate also, putting considerable stress on the turbine.

Power control and aerodynamic braking system

As the angle of attack is one of the most important variables in determining the performance of a wind turbine, both in terms of power output and over-speed induced stress protection, it is important to understand the rotor pitch behavior.

An increasing number of larger wind turbines (1 MW and up) are being developed with an active stall power control mechanism. Technically the active stall machines resemble pitch controlled machines, since they have pitchable blades. In order to get a reasonably large torque (turning force) at low wind speeds, the machines will usually be programmed to pitch their blades much like a pitch controlled machine at low wind speeds. On a pitch controlled wind turbine, the turbine’s electronic controller checks the power output of the turbine several times per second. When the power output becomes too high, it sends an order to the blade pitch mechanism which immediately pitches (turns) the rotor blades slightly out of the wind.  This is actually the aerodynamic braking system, which is the primary braking system for most Modern Wind Turbines. This essentially consists of turning the rotor blades about 90 degrees along their longitudinal axis. Conversely, the blades are turned back into the wind whenever the wind drops again. The rotor blades thus have to be able to turn around their longitudinal axis/ span (to pitch).

When an active stall controlled turbine reaches its rated power, however, you will notice an important difference from the pitch controlled turbine: if the generator is about to be overloaded, the machine will pitch its blades in the opposite direction from what a pitch controlled machine does. In other words, it will increase the angle of attack of the rotor blades in order to make the blades go into a deeper stall, thus wasting the excess energy in the wind.

One of the advantages of active stall is that one can control the power output more accurately than with passive stall, so as to avoid overshooting the rated power of the machine at the beginning of a gust of wind. Another advantage is that the machine can be run almost exactly at rated power at all high wind speeds. A normal passive stall controlled wind turbine will usually have a drop in the electrical power output for higher wind speeds, as the rotor blades go into an even deeper stall.

About the Author

Vert Investment Group (“Vert”) is a leading renewable energy investment advisory firm focused on small to medium-sized utility-scale generation projects in strong power markets. Vert utilizes its proven methodology, the Staged Progression Model, to guide development of efficient Wind Farm projects to construction ready.

What are some companies that Build Wind Turbines?

Name all the companies that you can think of that put together and install wind turbines.

Also, bonus points if you can name a few companies that manufacture the indivdual components.

Components like:
* generator
* tower
* blades
* gearbox
* power electronics / control system

AAER Systems (Canada)
Acciona Energy (Spain)
Aerostar Wind Turbines (USA)
AN Windenergie (Germany) – bought by Siemens in 2005, now Siemens Wind Power GmbH
A.Ayvazian & Associates (Iran)
Bard Engineering (Germany)
Bergey (USA)
Bonus Energy (Denmark), now Siemens – bought by Siemens in 2004
Clipper Windpower (USA)
Conenergy now Powerwind (Germany/USA)
DeWind (Germany)
Dragonfly Industries Inc (USA)
Emergya Wind Technologies (EWT) (Netherlands)
Ecotècnia (Spain)
Enercon (Germany)
Entegrity Wind Systems (Canada)
Eozen (Spain)
Fuhrländer (Germany)
Gamesa Eólica (Spain)
General Electric (USA)
Goldwind (China)
Harakosan (Netherlands, Japan)
Heartland energy solutions (USA)
HelixWind (USA)
Impsa (Argentina)
Jacobs, now Wind turbine industries (USA)
Lagerwey (Netherlands)
Leitwind (Italy)
Kenersys (India)
Kestrel Wind Turbines (South Africa)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan)
Multibrid GmbH (Germany)
MTorres (Spain)
NEG Micon, now part of Vestas
Neo-Aerodynamic (USA)
Nordex (Germany)
Norwin (Denmark)
Nordic Windpower (USA)
PacWind (USA)
Proven Energy Wind Turbines (UK – Global supplier of 2.5kW, 6kW & 15kW)
REpower (Germany) – bought by Suzlon in 2007
Scanwind (Norway)
Siemens (Denmark / Germany)
Sinovel (China – PRC)
Southwest Windpower (USA)
SRC Vertical (Russia)
Suzlon (India)
TMA
Turbowinds
Unison (Korea)
Vensys (Germany)
Vestas (Denmark), the world’s largest manufacturer of wind turbines
Vergnet (France)
WES Canada (Canada/US)
Windflow (New Zealand)
WinWinD (Finland)

Wind Turbine Blade manufacture
ABB Robotics – Painting Wind Turbine Rotor Blades

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Solar Panels for electricity

Solar Panels For Electricity

Thinking of going solar? More and more homeowners are doing it. We all know it’s good for the environment, but is it a good economic decision?

The difference, financially speaking, of installing a Solar Energy system for your home, is whether you pay now or later. To purchase a system and have it installed, you have to come up with the money now. You’ll save on your electric bill going forward, and eventually you’ll break even. After that, you just have free electricity, except for the occasional maintenance of your solar system.

The break-even time varies. You have to go through the process of estimating for your specific home. There are online tools that will help you determine how big a system you’ll need, how much it will cost and how much electricity it will generate. Be sure to factor in the incentives available.

Once you know the cost, you can figure out how much you’ll save each year on electricity. If you’re getting a system that’s big enough to supply all of your home’s power needs, take a look at how much you paid to the power company last year. You’ll save at least that much going forward. You might choose to get a smaller system at a lower cost. In that case, figure out how much you expect your electric bills to be. If your power company buys excess power from you, you might be able to get checks from them! That would reduce the amount of time to reach the break even point.

So let’s say that you’ve crunched the numbers and you know that it will take 10 years to break even. What now? Do you go for it? For now, let’s assume that the Price Of Solar Panels is going to remain steady. (More on that later.)

If you invest in solar energy now, you can start the 10 year break even period now. If you invest in solar next year, you’ll pay for one more year’s worth of electric bills and then start the 10 year break even period. It would seem to make sense to take the plunge sooner rather than later.

Let’s revisit the price issue. Prices of solar panels have been coming down, and it may not have reached bottom yet, but it’s close. When consumers jump on the bandwagon in large numbers, prices will stabilize or even increase. More consumers are investing in solar energy than ever before. When will the floodgates really open? Maybe when the economy improves and people have the money to spend. Maybe when and if the government offers an incentive that’s just too good to pass up. (Remember Cash for Clunkers?)

Speaking of incentives, currently there are incentives being offered by the federal government and by many states. Will there be incentives in the years to come? Will they be the same as they are now? Better? Not as good? It’s anyone’s guess, but until the floodgates open and consumers buy solar panels in droves, I suspect that the incentives will continue.

What about the cost of money? Unless you have the money sitting in the bank today, you may need to borrow the cost of your Solar Energy System. That means interest. Many people are finding that they can get a loan and the payments will be about what their electric bill was. That’s a pretty painless way to go. You just keeping on paying the same amount until suddenly the expense goes away. The other option is to save up the money. Think about it this way. For every year you delay, you’ll pay one year’s worth of electric bills. Can you save up enough money in a year to make that worthwhile? Here again, this depends on your situation. If you are in a position to refinance your house (at the current low, low rates!), that’s pretty inexpensive money.

If prices and incentives stay the same, and you can borrow money at a good interest rate, sooner is better. However, you can gamble one year’s worth of electric bills if you think that prices will go down and/or incentives will go up in the next year.

About the Author

Coleen Smith manages a website with information about
Solar Panels For Sale
. She has also written several articles on the
residential Solar Systems
.

will TXU pay us for having a Solar Panel putting out electricity?

txu is where we get our electricity from.
i know that we must have enough electricy from the solar panel to make the box go backwards. i know that it may vary but if we produce more than we consume “will” they pay us?

The only way to be sure is to contact your electric utility and ask them. Some places pay you for excess, some don’t.

Generally, you will need to have an agreement in place with them. Not only is it legally required, but the following can happen if they don’t know you’ve hooked up solar:

Say your meter reads 53002 in March. When they take the April reading, it reads 52809. The main office will get these numbers, and assume the meter reader made a mistake, correct the March reading to 52002, and charge you for 807 kWh. After all, since you don’t have solar hooked up, there’s no way the meter could go backwards, right?

solar panels for electricity
How Solar Panels Produce Electricity

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advantages of Wind Turbine

Living Off The Grid With A Home Wind Turbine

The the ever decreasing supply of fuel for highly sought after non-Renewable Energy Sources, living off the grid by utilizing Home Wind Turbines is becoming more and more necessary. Living off the grid is becoming much easier and affordable as our technology progresses and becomes more easily available. These days, living off the grid is not only an affordable plan but can even save you money and give you the satisfaction of knowing you are not contributing to the pollution and environmental degredation that comes along with more traditional power supplies. There are many advantages to living off the grid with home wind turbines, let’s take a look at a few.

There is a massive reduction of dependabilty on resources that are being rapidly exhausted. When living off the grid, you are self sufficient, you no longer rely on large corporations or the government. When using wind or Solar Power, energy is stored so even when your neighbors are complaining about power outages to your old electric company, your home is still running strong.

After the initial set-up fee, and some cheap, maintanence every now and then, there is no cost. You can use as much energy as you want without worrying about the bill at the end of the month. Nature will power your home cheaply and cleanly. Wind energy may actually help rescue you from debt. Think about how one less monthly bill would feel.

Possibly the most important benefit, especially to those not worried about bills, is the contribution to a better tomorrow. Environmental concerns are possibly the biggest problem for our future. Wind energy will help contribute to a better Earth for you children and grandchildren. The sooner we can begin to eliminate our use of fossil fuels, the sooner we will be on the road to restoring the health of our planet.

Living off the grid is very possible and affordable. In this day and age a home wind turbine is not only feasible but very cost efficient and practical.

About the Author

I’m currently an environmental science student and after studying the state of the world’s resources, I’m doing my best to get people excited about alternate energy. If you’re interested in more information about Wind Power or how to build your own home wind turbine, visit my home wind turbine website.

need help with science homework?

explain advantages and disadvantages of Solar Panels and wind turbines when compared to non-renewable resources

Advantages:

1) Once built the cost of upkeep is relatively low
2) Environmentally friendly (not that non-renewables are as harmful as they are made out to be)

Disadvantages:

1) Extremely expensive intial build costs, if the plant only produces 2 megawatts (about 1% of a common gas turbine) it will take over 100 years to pay for itself.
2) Very low output. A plant can cover 2 acres of land and only produce 2 megawatts, the same land could have 6 gas turbines on it and produce over 1000.
3) Energy sources are not always present. The sun goes down or gets covered by clouds or the wind can die.

advantages of wind turbine

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Volt Ohm Amp

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Home Wind Power system

Home Wind Power Information You Really Should Know

Home wind power is one of the best ways that you could possibly go if you are looking to save money and help the environment at the same time. The wind power industry is booming and you should get in on it as soon as possible. In this article, I am going to tell you why wind power is so great and how you can get started with your own very easily.

The first reason why wind power is growing so quickly is because it is totally renewable energy. This means that the energy comes from a source that will never run out. There will always be wind power available, because there will always be wind available. This is what makes wind power so attractive to many home and business owners.

Solar Power has long been a very popular form of renewable energy, but wind is actually starting to take preference. Many governments from countries all over the world are looking at wind as a legitimate source of energy in today’s tough world economy.

The second reason why it is so great is because it is extremely accessible. Literally anyone can buy some materials, get some windmill plans, and starting building a home windmill that will power their home or business. The process is simple and millions of people all over the world have already started doing this.

Sure, some places in the world have more wind, but for the most part anywhere in the world can have access to wind power.

One more reason why wind power is so highly recommended is because it does absolutely not harm to the environment. Our society is becoming Greener every single day. This means that people are becoming much more environmentally conscious and adjusting their lifestyles accordingly. Power companies often release harmful toxins and gasses into the atmosphere. If you can eliminate your dependence on the power companies, you will be doing the Earth a great favor.

Also, with home wind power, you have the opportunity to save tons of money! Think about what your power bill is every month…now think about how much money you would be saving if you could reduce that bill. It is very common to reduce a power bill by 70% very easily with a home windmill. In many cases, people actually eliminate their electricity bill totally.

This is what draws a ton of people to home wind power. It’s ease of use and savings potential is just too good for the average person to pass up.

The world of home wind power is very exciting. I know I have gotten involved and I have really reaped the benefits of this great type of renewable energy. There are a few things you need to know before getting started, but they can all be learned fairly easily.

I recommend finding an online resource that will teach you everything you need to know before you get started. This will help you to save lots of time and money in the long run.

About the Author

My totally Free 5 Day Home Wind Power Email Course teaches everything you need to know about home wind power.

You can check it out at http://www.yourhomewindpower.com

What would give me more power for a cheap home brew Wind Power System?

Should I build a Vertical Axis or Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for this? We get a decent amount of wind every year (12 MPH in winter and 8 MPH in summer), the turbine would be no higher than 20 feet. So should i make a VAWT or HAWT? If you say VAWT don’t say ‘because it’s easier’ because I need to get as much power as I can outta this.

the easiest system to build is the vertical type which from the top side looks much like the sign for the astrological gemini ..the capture side is presented to the wind constantly on a simple outer bearing and race..it takes thrust and is called a TDO (tapered double outer) race bearing …the inside presses against a lower TDO and an upper singe cup like your wheel bearing in your car. Vertical units have a better approach height from the wind..take up less space and are not as testy when it comes to turbulence…In 1998 i built a small model based on a design i got from a friend that uses lightweight sheet metal ..We only had a few problems and that was in the collector ring..
Now for the horizontal…it takes up a lot of space..20′ x 10′ footprint..its got no way of responding to the change of wind direction..Unless you build the feeder horn type which captures and diverts the air downward onto primary compression blades…In this case you built a vertical mill and just improperly named it…turbulence from the ground and safety issues ( neighbors dog jumps in) all have an added problem..there are some very odd calculations for the turbine collector and the way the blades a shaped and how captured air is exhausted no to cause a back pressure. Here’s what i found out..Height is 3 times width. of turbine tube… if the internal fan is 3 feet height is min of 9 feet..12feet is great 15 feet is best. If your going to build this thing from scratch remember to use a massive shaft (hollow) .My favorite is schedule 10 steel 4″ .. bearings are expensive. grease is cheaper ..the fan is in a spiral along the shaft the pitch is about 1 turn in twenty
feet. Your selection of generators needs to be a higher value 8% than your actual design load. the transmission if used on a 90deg box should use lightest oil. every time you add a piece to the drive train you loose power…to best regulate the high speed use a flywheel ..I made one from from a 1″ thick 18″ diameter steel plate it will provide carry over by inertia short cycle and if you want you can attach your MAGNETIC induction tachometer to it…gosh there are so many things in favor of a vertical mill in most applications ..I think its the only way to go…But i am going to guarantee any of these are not tweak free.. No matter the skill or the budget ..Your in a very grey area…With the wind info you sent an 85% eff (during operation) will produce about 2400 watts of power at 120volts parasitic losses can account for 10% mechanical loss for 5 %..In a start up mode expect that it will take 3-5 months to get the mechanics correct. and for the electrics just follow NEC and other codes ..Please find a good slip ring collector. I salvaged the shaft form a broken gasoline welder for mine (250 amp)…all in all its sound like fun wish you were down the street…this was probably more than you wanted for an answer but I just couldn’t resist..Have fun From the E

home wind power system
Home Wind Power System – How To Build A Cheap Wind Power Generator

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chinese Wind Turbines

New Pricing policy will enhance the profitability and development of China’s Wind Power industry

2009 Deep Research Report on Cost and Price of China Wind Power Equipment

2009 Deep Research Report on Cost and Price of China Wind Power Equipment is specifically for wind power equipment investment, It is used primarily for Development and Reform Commission to project a thematic study. By the end of 2008, 11638 sets of Wind Turbine have been installed with a total installed capacity of 12.17GW. With the rapid development of China’s wind power industry, advanced and efficient wind power equipment will maintain a stable growth in market demand. But in recent years China’s wind power equipment industry appeared investment rush into mass action, repeat introduction and redundant construction. Thus the Development and Reform Commission timely introduced some relevant control measures to inhibit wind power industry overcapacity. ( http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Deep-Research-Report-on-Cost-and-Price-of-China-Wind-Power-Equipment.html )

Since August 1st of 2009, the Wind Power Electricity price benchmark in Chinese four resource areas will be 0.51 RMB (0.074 USD) Kw/h, 0.54 RMB (0.079 USD) Kw/h, 0.58 RMB (0.085 USD) Kw/h, and 0.61 RMB (0.089 USD) Kw/h separately. We believe that the new pricing policy will have a favorable impact to enhance the operator’s profitability and stimulate the development of China’s wind power industry.

In the report, we conduct a detailed investigation and analysis on the costs, prices, and profit margins of wind turbine, blade, gear boxe, bearing and other key parts. We predict the trends of Cost and Price in the next few years and make feasibility analysis of some key projects. We also analysis the prospects of Wind Farms operating in four Wind resource areas for investors to make investment decisions and reference.

To know more and to buy a copy of your report feel free to visit : http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/Deep-Research-Report-on-Cost-and-Price-of-China-Wind-Power-Equipment.html
Or

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Why are we creating green jobs in China instead of the US?

Looks like a missed opportunity.
The one good thing about going green; it was supposed to create jobs. But the 1.5 billion is coming from Chinese banks, instead of our own Banks, and our Government is securing the loan. In addition to paying their banks interest, the wind turbines are coming from China. This would have been roughly 1600 created in the US. America does Make Wind Turbines. So another opportunity lost.
The only jobs we get will be a few installers, but no mf jobs, and another import.

http://www.businessgreen.com/business-green/news/2252264/china-supply-turbines-funding

Am I missing something?
Aflac- Your article does menton anything about the negotiations. HOwever, the “US is not only backing the loan, but they are providing grants from the Stimuls package. Surely if we are firing CEO’s as a result of the stimuls, we could expecy the stimuls money to support American Job growth, not Chinese Job Growth.

Almost every single day, the White House through some of its hundreds of news release funnels, spoon feeds the propaganda about how GREAT the economy is doing.
Like with the nightmare Healthcare, Obama has sent ALL his forces out in speeches to now push his Jobs Bill, which is NOTHING more than another expensive LIE.
It’s NOT just about jobs going overseas anymore. It’s about domestic jobs NOW going to foreign contractors, INSIDE our country.
This link is only one example of a “problem” the news media is not reporting.

chinese wind turbines

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map of Wind Turbines

Earth4Energy Wind Turbine

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About the Author

How can I find out where Wind Farms are located in Oregon Washington and California?

My BF wants to go to school to be a wind turbine tech. I want to find out where these farms are located to see where we would have to move to be closer to where he would work. I can’t find a map, or list of Wind Farm locations, not even on wind power company websites like Vesta.

I only know of the Columbia Gorge wind farm in Oregon. (which is where we are now, and would probably like to stay.) When I google I only seem to find articles pertaining to NIMBY protests.
Thanks alot ACADEMY you obviously didn’t read that I already googled this many times….

Contact Wind working group in Oregon:

http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Wind/OWWG/OWWG.shtml

You can find a map for Washington on these links below:

http://www.seattlepi.com/local/140398_wind19.html

http://www.windpowermaps.org/default.asp

Links here provide information about California:

http://www.energy.ca.gov/maps/wind_potential.html

http://www.energy.ca.gov/wind/overview.html

map of wind turbines
Wind Turbine Noise Levels-106dbs-Yes, they do make noise.

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